建榮的資訊筆記: PHP&MySQL--5 2010年10月課程講義預覽

PHP&MySQL--5
一、資料庫是什麼？
二、若忘記root密碼：【請參考網路硬碟提供的指令依序進行密碼設定】
三、一些MySQL指令
說明指令
顯示目前資料庫 show databases;
檢視資料表：例如檢視mysql資料庫內的資料表【請先使用資料庫】 show tables from mysql;
顯示資料表【請先使用資料庫】 show tables;
檢視欄位【請先使用資料庫】 show columns from db from mysql;
建立資料庫 create database pcschooldb;
刪除資料庫 drop database pcschooldb;
使用資料庫 use test;
四、資料庫設計
五、什麼是SQL檔案
六、利用phpMyAdmin建pcschool資料庫，將student_create_table.sql匯入
七、將student.sql匯入，請觀察匯入的結果。【student.sql檔案為big5編碼】
八、利用phpMyAdmin建立pcschool2資料庫，但校對請選擇「Big5」，並請您將student.sql匯入，請觀察匯入的結果。【student.sql檔案為big5編碼】
九、談資料表索引
十、資料的匯出：mysqldump

mysqldump –uroot -pphpmysql pcschool 〉pcschool.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --skip-opt pcschool 〉pcschool2.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql pcschool student 〉pcschool3.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --skip-opt pcschool student 〉pcschool4.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql pcschool student list 〉pcschool5.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --no-data pcschool 〉pcschool6.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --no-data pcschool list〉pcschool7.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --no-create-info pcschool 〉pcschool8.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --skip-opt --no-create-info pcschool 〉pcschool9.sql

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql -B pcschool 〉pcschooldb.sql

十一、資料的匯入：mysql

mysql -uroot -pphpmysql pcschool〈pcschool.sql
mysql -uroot -pphpmysql counter〈record.sql

如果將pcschool資料庫刪除呢

mysql -uroot -pphpmysql pcschool〈 pcschooldb.sql
mysql -uroot -pphpmysql test〈 pcschooldb.sql

十二、 Big5資料的匯入：

mysql -uroot -pphpmysql --default-character-set=big5 test〈create_list_big5.sql

十三、 Big5資料的匯出：

mysqldump -uroot -pphpmysql --default-character-set=big5 test listbig5 〉listbig53.sql

十四、新增帳號

grant all privileges on *.* to pcschool@localhost identified by 'phpmysql';

grant all privileges on board.* to php1@localhost identified by 'mysqlstart1';

grant select on board2.* to php3@localhost identified by 'mysqlstart3';

十五、 PHP連結資料庫語法（db.php，資料庫為pcschool）

〈html〉〈head〉〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"〉
〈title〉資料庫連線〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉〈?
$link = @mysql_connect("localhost", "pcschool", "phpmysql");
$link_db = @mysql_select_db("pcschool123446");
if($link) { echo "主機連結OK!....";
if($link_db) { echo "資料庫連結OK!...."; }
if(!$link_db) { echo "資料庫連結失敗!....."; }}
if(!$link) { die( "連結主機失敗!....");}
echo "Hello"; ?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

1. 問題：如果mysql_connect出錯，會如何？
2. 問題：如果mysql_selsect_db出錯，會如何？
3. 問題：在發生錯誤之後，可否在顯示訊息後跳出網頁？
十六、 mysql編碼與傳輸：unicode.php

〈?
mysql_query("SET NAMES utf8");
mysql_query("CHARACTER SET utf8");
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT =utf8");
mysql_query("SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=utf8_general_ci");
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS =utf8");
mysql_query("SET CHARACTER_SET_SERVER = utf8");
mysql_query("SET character_set_connection=utf8"); ?〉

十七、 PHP函數--送出執行語法：mysql_query("SQL 語法")
【提供mysql_query1.php】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"〉
〈title〉mysql_query〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉〈?
mysql_connect("localhost", "pcschool", "phpmysql") or die("無法連結主機");
mysql_select_db("pcschool") or die("無法連結資料庫");
//include("unicode.php");
//以下新增語法請做練習
//以下兩行為一行
//$sql = "insert into list (username, email, sex) values('pcschool', 'quota123@ms14.url.com.tw', '男')";
//$sql = "insert into list (email, sex) values('quota123@ms14.url.com.tw', '男')";
//$sql = "insert into list values('quota123@ms14.url.com.tw','pcschool','男')";
$sql = "insert into list values('','pcschool','男')";
mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error( ) );
?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

若沒有加入unicode.php，MySQL內的資料會如何呢？
若資料表名稱錯誤或儲存的欄位數量不對，系統會如何回應呢？
【提供mysql_query01.php】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"〉
〈title〉以下的Query是否有錯？〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉
〈?php
include("server.php");
$a='test';
$b='test2';
$sql="INSERT INTO orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID)VALUES ($a,$b);";
mysql_query($sql);
//mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error( ) );
//echo $sql;
?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

若兩個query一起執行，但其中一個有問題會如何呢？【提供mysql_query02.php】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"〉
〈title〉兩個Query執行會如何？〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉
〈?php
include("server.php");
$sql="INSERT INTO orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID)VALUES ('er', '23');";
mysql_query($sql);
$a='test';
$b='test2';
$sql="INSERT INTO orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID)VALUES ($a,$b);";
mysql_query($sql);
//mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error( ) );
//echo $sql;//得到與mysql_error( )
?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

上述兩個練習請修正【修改為mysql_query03.php】：

$a='test';
$b='test2';
$sql="INSERT INTO orders(CustomerID,EmployeeID)VALUES ('$a',$b);";

複製資料表語法

create table insertemployees select * from employees;
create table insertjob select * from job;
create table updateemployees1 select * from employees;
create table updateemployees2 select * from employees;
create table updateemployees3 select * from employees;
create table updatejob select * from job;
create table updateproducts select * from products;
create table delemployees1 select * from employees;
create table delemployees2 select * from employees;
create table delemployees3 select * from employees;
create table deljob select * from job;

新增資料語法

insert into insertjob values (12);

insert into insertjob values ('manager',12);
select * from insertjob;

insert into insertjob values (12,'manager');
select * from insertjob;

insert into employees(lastname,firstname,employeeid) values ('jiannrong','yeh',2009);」
select lastname,firstname,employeeid from employees where employeeid=2009;

insert into insertjob(employeeid,title) select employeeid ,concat(firstname,"-",lastname) from employees;
select * from insertjob

十八、資料查詢語法
1.基本查詢

select * from employees;
select firstname, lastname from employees;
select city from employees;
select distinct city from employees;

2.As的使用

select firstname as f, lastname as l from employees;

select productname, unitprice ,unitsinstock ,unitprice * unitsinstock as total from products;

select firstname,hiredate,curdate( ) as nowdate,(year(curdate( ) )-year(hiredate)) as years from employees;

select firstname,lastname,concat(firstname, "-- ",lastname) as yourname from employees;

3.排序

select firstname, lastname, hiredate from employees order by firstname;
select firstname, lastname, hiredate from employees order by firstname desc;
select firstname, lastname, hiredate from employees order by firstname asc;
select firstname, lastname from employees order by hiredate desc;
select firstname, lastname from employees order by firstname desc,lastname asc;
select firstname, lastname from employees order by lastname asc ,firstname desc;

十九、 PHP函數-- mysql_num_rows( ) 計算查詢後的筆數【請自行撰寫】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"〉
〈title〉計算筆數〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉〈?
@mysql_connect("localhost", "pcschool", "phpmysql") or die("無法連結主機");
@mysql_select_db(“pcschool”) or die("無法連結資料庫");
include("unicode.php");
$abc="select username from list";
echo $abc."〈br〉";
$sql = mysql_query($abc) or die(mysql_error( ) );;
$rows = mysql_num_rows($sql);
if($rows==""){
echo "查無資料！";
}else{ echo "有 ".$rows." 筆資料喔！";}
?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

二十、回傳欄位資料【請依照講義修改mysql_query04.php】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"〉
〈title〉顯示記錄〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉
〈?php
include("server.php");
$sql="SELECT * FROM orders";
$sql2=mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error( ) );
echo $sql2;
$list1= mysql_fetch_array($sql2);
echo $list1['OrderID'];
?〉
〈/body〉〈/html〉

請修改上例，觀察顯示內容【請將mysql_query04.php另存新檔後依講義修改】

$list1= mysql_fetch_array($sql2);
echo $list1['OrderID']."〈br〉";
echo $list1['OrderID']."〈br〉";
$list1= mysql_fetch_array($sql2);
echo $list1['OrderID']."〈br〉";

二十一、顯示資料【以array方式設計】
【請依照講義修改mysql_query06.php】

〈html〉〈head〉
〈meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"〉
〈title〉顯示所有資料〈/title〉〈/head〉〈body〉
〈?
include("server.php");
$sql="SELECT * FROM orders";
$sql2=mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error( ) );
while($list1= mysql_fetch_array($sql2))
{
echo $list1['OrderID']." ".$list1['OrderDate']."〈br〉";
}
?〉〈/body〉〈/html〉

二十二、其他